Essay about Sexual Harrassment - 1535 Words

Sexual Harrassment Sexual Harassment in the Work Place I. Definition Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following: The victim as well as the harasser may be a woman or a man. The victim†¦show more content†¦III. Regarding Employers Prevention is the best tool to eliminate sexual harassment in the workplace. Employers should take all steps necessary to prevent sexual harassment from occurring. An effective prevention program should include an explicit policy against sexual harassment that is clearly posted for the employees to read and be included in any in-service training programs. I heard on the news last week that a company was being sued even though they had a sexual harassment policy. The complainant didn’t feel that the company did enough to assert the policy. The employer should also have a procedure for resolving sexual harassment complaints. This procedure should encourage victims to come forward and should not require the victim to complain first to the offending supervisor, if that is the case. This procedure should ensure confidentiality as much as possible and provide effective remedies as well as protection from retaliation. IV. Discussion I would like to share a couple of statistics that Dr. Chwialkowski gave out in my other Public Administration class last week. He found a survey that asked women how many of them had slept with their bosses. Nineteen percent responded that they had. Of those, sixty percent said it furthered their careers. The following is a scenario Dr. Chwialkowski gave out. I would like for the class to input your opinions as to whether or not sexualShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination In The Workplace Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Assignment 1: Discrimination in the Workplace Workplace diversity is beneficial in many ways and on a variety of levels. When a workforce is comprised by people of different races, religions, genders, cultural origins, and sexual orientations, this allows a company to draw from the experience and knowledge that may be unique to each group, widening its frame of reference. Additionally, in terms of recruitment, this ‘widening of the net’ goes to insuring that the company appeals to more individualsRead MoreQuestions On Sexual Harassment Legal Rights2133 Words   |  9 PagesRatchanon Jungtrirapanich I ⠝ ¤ Teacher http://www.workplacefairness.org/sexual-harassment-legal-rights#1 ii iv2 https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/ iv 1 http://www.feminist.org/911/harasswhatdo.html iv 2 https://sapac.umich.edu/article/63 ii a http://wall.oise.utoronto.ca/inequity/5bell.pdf i http://www.mass.gov/mcad/resources/employers-businesses/emp-guidelines-harassment-gen.html iv2 http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/ocrshpam.pdf iii b http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/global_campaign/en/chap6Read MoreDiscrimination, Discrimination And Sexual Harassment2110 Words   |  9 Pagesemployment opportunity has been the backbone of the American dream. However minorities were still discarded of this same right in the work place. There were job rejections because of race, gender, disability, national origin, pay discrimination and sexual harassment etc. Over the years the Equal Opportunity commission has received many critics by civil rights advocates on the way it operates. The critics have been mainly about the unsatisfactory efforts and liability of the numerous discriminationRead MoreLegal And Judicial Innovations Just A Formality Or A Step Ahead?3540 Words   |  15 Pageshuman dignity included protection from sexual harassment. Article 42 emphasises that the â€Å"State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief†. The Constitution guarantees certain fundamental freedom to women as it considers that as a bedrock for democracy. In spite of these constitutional guarantees, the Indian society even after more than six decades since Independence considers women as subservient to men. 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The goal is to further understand sexism and how it is formed within the society of unwanted sexual encounters, while displaying the stereotypes it creates. Sexism is seen as a a prejudice look on gender roles that creates stereotypes. It is the belief that natural behavior, psychological behavior and intellectual behavior each have differencesRead MoreForms of Sexual Harassment: A Case Study651 Words   |  3 PagesUnder federal law there are two distinct forms of sexual harassment (Paul, 1990). The first form is known as quid pro quo harassment and in order for an action of this form to be successful there must be involvement by a supervisor or other person in authority. The fact that Sam, the alleged harasser, is in a supervising position raises the possibility that his behavior toward Paula may be considered quid pro quo sexual harassment. The fact that Paula has reportedly requested that Sam stop approachingRead MoreSpc Tate s A Successful Day Of Hard Work Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"womanly† build is not up to par. Then we look into the factor of Sexual Abuse. Although men and women alike are sexually abused, the rate for female soldiers is slightly higher. In 2014 the SHARP (Sexual Harrassment/Assualt Response Prevention) percentage for a female soldier in the army was 4.6% and male soldiers at 1.2%. So placing a female in an even larger predominantly male setting, could pose an even greater threat of Sexual Harrassment/Assualt cases rising. On an even broader scale, you must considerRead MoreConstructive Discharge767 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Constructive Discharge and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits intentional discrimination or â€Å"practices that have the effect of against any person based on race, national origin, sexual preference, religion or disability discriminating against individuals because of their race, color, national origin, religion, or sex† (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d.). According to US Legal, Constructive Discharge occursRead MoreA Rose For A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs952 Words   |  4 Pagespsuedonyms in order to conceal the identity of those within the book. Harriet Jacobs had succeeded in putting forth a new, unconventional slave narrative that depicted the emotional and mental anguish slave women were subjected to on a daily basis. Through sexual victimization by their masters and the ever-present maternal fear of losing their children to the slave trade, slavery was a far more terrible fate for women than for men. Throughout her twenty-seven year life of being a slave, Harriet Jacobs attempted

The Case Of Withdrawal Of Life Sustaining Medical...

1. ISSUES: Is it legal or/and ethical to withdraw life-sustaining medical treatments from terminally ill adult patient? Yes, the right of an adult patient in receiving or not receiving medical treatment under the legal and ethical standards requires the patient to provide informed consent. If the patient cannot provide informed consent, a legally authorized surrogate can make decision. The same legal and ethical standards apply for the terminally ill adult patient in the case of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. In other ways, medical ethics does not involve the life of patient to be preserved in all circumstances at all costs. 2. DISCUSSIONS Almost all states have statutes supporting the right of adult patients to refuse care and to provide directives about end-of-life care when patient unable to make decisions. The United States Supreme Court also has recognized that the constitution gives competent adults can refuse unwanted medical treatment (Koppel Sullivan, 2011). Uniform Right of the Terminally Ill Act of 1989 enacted the permission of an individual to execute a declaration that guides a healthcare provider (physician) to withdraw life-sustaining treatment when a patient is in terminally ill condition and unable to make decisions Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is not applicable without the approval of patient or surrogates. (Houghton Lombard, 1990). â€Å"Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 was enacted to ensure that patients are informed of theirShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Washington And The United States1068 Words   |  5 Pagesin this case along with the Attorney General. The Respondents are Wa shington medical physicians. The physicians in this case periodically treated patients that were terminally ill. The physicians claimed that they would provide assistance for the patients in ending their lives if it were not for Washington State’s ban on assisted suicides, Wash. Rev. Code  § 9A.26.060(1). The Respondents believed that Washington’s ban was unconstitutional. In 1993, the Respondent, three terminally ill patientsRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Carried Out On Sick Patients3828 Words   |  16 Pages Introduction The debate, on whether euthanasia should be carried out on sick patients in hospitals, and wether life supporting equipments should be withdrawn for such patients has continued to elicit debate. There are those who believe that all measures should be taken to ensure patients have been alleviated from pain. Proponents of euthanasia argue that patients in pain should not be left to continue suffering, and that doctors have a role to ensure they do everything possible to terminate theRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide: Is It Morally Permissible?1780 Words   |  8 Pagespermissible because a competent patient ultimately has the right to choose for themselves the course of their life, including how it will end. To lie in a hospital bed in a vegetative state, unable to see, think, speak, eat, being totally unaware of your surroundings or those of your loved ones nearby speaks loudly of the pain and suffering at all levels for a terminally ill patient. Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is ethically justifiable in certain cases, most often those cases involving unrelenting sufferingRead MorePhysician Assisted Death Should Be Legal1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto legalize PAD. Terminally ill patients, in consultation with their families, should have control over end of life medical decisions which is why Physician-Assisted Death should be legal. There are multiple ways to define Physician Assisted Death and a variety of terms that revolve around it. â€Å"The intentional termination of a life, which may be active (resulting from specific actions causing death) or passive (resulting from the refusal or withdrawal of life sustaining treatment) and voluntary (withRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? Another reason is that if you have a chronic illness, no means to a cure, and no medical help, what do you do? 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Are these concepts compatible in a meaningful context and can a sound argument be constructed to support PAS on the basis of patient free will? Derek Humphry, in LawfulRead More Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right To Choose Essay2607 Words   |  11 PagesShould it be the right of terminally ill patients to decide if they want to seek out physician assisted suicide to end their intolerable pain, or should it be up to the courts? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physician-assisted suicide occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s death by providing the necessary means and/or information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act (AMA).Each and every human being knows that there will come a time when his or her life will come to an end. WhenRead MoreLong Term Care-Hospice2974 Words   |  12 PagesCare -Hospice Hospice is a process to end-of-life care and a kind of support facility for terminally ill patients. It provides comforting care, patient-centered care and related services. Comforting care relieves discomfort without improving the patient’s condition or curing his illness. Hospice is extended in a healthcare facility or at home. Its objective is to provide compassionate, emotional, and spiritual care for the dying patient. The origin of the word â€Å"hospice† in medievalRead MoreDeath with Dignity Essay4339 Words   |  18 PagesASSIGNMENT FOR eTHICS IN HEALTHCARE | Death with Dignity | Choosing the End of Life | | Tamara Crosby | 9/4/2012 | Death with Dignity: Choosing the End of Life Thesis: Is the fear of living an incomplete and possibly painful life a reason to bring your life to an end? Does this fear give us the authority to be masters of our own fate and end our own life before we and the ones we love suffer? 1. The beginnings of physician assisted suicide. a. Dr Kevorkian b. The

My last duchess Free Essays

My Last Duchess Question: Write about a poem set well In the past, but which remains relevant today. Explain why, despite the difference In time, the mall concerns of the poem remains relevant to you. A poem which is set well in the past but remains relevant in today’s society is ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning. We will write a custom essay sample on My last duchess or any similar topic only for you Order Now The poem remains relevant today as even nowadays there are people who possess similar characteristics as the Duke; the abusive use of power in some societies is still relevant in some communities. Despite the obvious change in time and society, there are still people who are egotistical and controlling; unman nature remains unaltered even with time. Before the poem even begins we are immediately struck by the ambiguity of the title itself. We are left to wonder how many duchesses has the duke had, who Is his last duchess nor do we know If the â€Å"last† Indicates the final duchess or Just the previous one. The poem begins by the duke leading an emissary around his castle, acting as a tour. He begins by reminiscing about the painting of his last duchess and the reader comes to realize the Duke’s cold character as he describes the painting as â€Å"the depth and passion of TTS earnest glance†. He refers to the girl as â€Å"its† instead of her, indicating she is of little worth to him. This dehumidifies her and further suggests the duke has developed a better relationship with the painting than the he had with the woman It represents. We also come to understand here that the duke is possessive and demands to be obeyed â€Å"since none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you, but l† he chooses who does or does not see the duchess- something he could not achieve when she was alive. This shows the overwhelming control that the duke has over the ouches even after death- he cuts even her portrait off from what she loved: life. The woman has clearly died time ago but the possessive duke still requires control over her, suggesting a threatening and controlling relationship which can sadly sully be seen in today’s society to confirm this disturbing suggestion. Later in the Poem the Duke describes his wife’s imperfections and we are introduced to his egotism, which reined her in. We are told by the duke that twats not Her husband’s presence only, called that spot Of Joy into the Duchess’ cheek twats not Her husband’s presence only, called that spot twats not Of Joy Into the Duchess’ cheek ‘twats not her husband’s presence only, called that spot of Joy into the Duchess†. The duke is explaining to the envoy that he was not the source of her happiness which suggests he is representing the fact she gained pleasure from other things in life besides the duke. His egotism and extreme self-obsession are highlighted here, painting a picture of a man who is very dominating. Moreover the duke’s dramatic monologue indicates that the duchess was subjugated when she was with him and unable to express her own opinions and feelings. The ‘spot of Joy in the duchess emphasizes the duchess’s simple character, innocent, youthful zest for, Joy in, life. It is as if his power has made him evolve into becoming a very unpleased and domineering husband. In contrast to him, the duchess has a respectful and vibrant character which is further emphasized when the duke says â€Å"such stuff was courtesy, she thought†. His tone is viciously contemptuous- as if he is hissing, indicated by the alliteration of the â€Å"s†. The duke’s scornful and cold tone is portrayed as he sneers â€Å"she thought†, this underlines how much antipathy he had for the duchess’s view, indicating how disturbing their relationship had become. The duke expands on his wife’s faults. He disapproves of how she was too easily impressed by the beauties of nature according to his unappreciative nature. Like all overbearing people, the duke describes the duchess to the reader as being fascinated without much effort, â€Å"she had/ a heart- how shall I say? Too soon made glad, oo easily impressed† This clarifies his critical attitude towards the duchess: she can be made happy by simple things which he could never understand. The young woman’s â€Å"faults† were qualities like compassion, modesty, humility, delight in simple pleasures, and courtesy to those who served her. T hese lines have a natural, realistic, spontaneous feel created by Borrowing’s use of disyllabic rhyming couplets which give the impression of pauses before speech, suggesting he pauses for thought, as if talking directly to us. This adds to the feeling of horror as it brings us closer to the duke, an evil and twisted character who attempts to persuade the reader. This creates to a closeness and intimacy which the reader finds sinister. Even today we can see societies having divided opinions on the attributes on certain global leaders. The duke’s objections about the duchess further continued as he complains she was too easily impressed; she liked whatever she looked on and her looks went everywhere†. Here the Duke blames her for not seeing any difference between being the wife of a great man or any other simple pleasure. He believes she gave all men the kind of respect that only a man with his family’s rank deserves. We are struck by horror as we come to realize the youth of the duchess herself as the duke explains her behavior around the castle as she â€Å"broke in the orchard for her, the white mule she rode† This indicates how young she is- full of life and warm hearted, Just like a manager. He could not tolerate the fact the duchess delighted in beauty and appreciated gifts from others. He recalls that she considered his favor at her breast’ no more important than the setting of the sun or cherries compared to the duke’s â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name†. This reveals the duke’s arrogance about his title and position. He talks about his title and clearly feels his position should had been given more respect from his wife. He calls his name ‘his gift’ which suggests he clear to the reader that his name has been given grudgingly. The word ‘stoop’ emphasizes this idea as it denotes how high up the duke thinks he is. This kind of attitude and air of arrogance would simply not be accepted in today’s society due to people having being less discriminative. The duke’s appalling lack of remorse and human emotion is bought to the reader when he causally describes the duchess’s death. The almost inhumane coldness of his character is made clear as he states: â€Å"Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together† Three very short, sharp, decisive clauses which subtly imply the girl’s murder. A quick and decisive process: this†¦ Soother’. He simply decides and the deed is done, this again shows his abuse of power, lack of empathy and humanity as murder is the ultimate form of control. If this behavior was not shocking enough, the duke further spits out about the duchess: â€Å"There she stands as if alive. Will’s please you rise? We’ll meet the company below, then† Coming Just after the previous lines, the words there she stands as if alive’ strongly suggests the girl has been murdered. After this there is a shocking Juxtaposition in that he was Just talking about murder before suddenly suggesting they merely re-join the other company. He has no conscience. Again we find a harsh link to today’s society and the duke’s era as there are people who will go to unbelievable lengths to gain their control, ignoring or out ruling their conscience; sometimes with tragic consequences. In conclusion, it is clear that there are many dominant personalities in society today and the duke was one of these men. He has an exaggerated sense of his own position and importance, perhaps because of his upper class upbringing and family background. But this ultimately led to the cold heartless murder of his last duchess. How to cite My last duchess, Papers

Human Resource free essay sample

KNOW IT Human Resource Management has developed its original programme in the 1980s, it has expanded and consolidated its agenda in the 1990s, and it has been flourishing explosively in the dozen years since the turn of the millennium (the 2000s so far). We will try to understand the conditions of possibility for the rise of HRM in terms of cultural background, economic and political conditions, and social transformations in North Atlantic societies at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. HRM’s evolution over time shows that it has become intensified, that it has expanded its sphere both within work organisations and beyond them, and that its current shape makes it one of the most important managerial phenomena of the 20th century. From relatively modest beginnings in the 1980s, HRM has become in the 2000s the key platform of managerialism in the age of what we term, alongside others (Heelas – reading for seminar 1), soft capitalism. Budget Control Human resources curbs excessive spending through developing methods for rimming workforce management costs, which includes negotiating better rates for benefits such as health care coverage. In addition, human resources ensures competitive and realistic wage-setting based on studying the labor market, employment trends and salary analysis based on Job functions. As some small businesses have budget constraints, this human resources function is especially helpful. Related Reading: The Importance of Ethics in Human Resources Conflict Resolution Workplace conflict is inevitable, given the diversity of personalities, work styles, backgrounds and levels of experience among employees. A human resources anager or a staff person specially trained to handle employee relations matters can identify and resolve conflict between two employees or a manager and employee and restore positive working relationships. Training and Development Human resources conducts needs assessments for the organizations current workforce to determine the type of skills training and employee development necessary for improving skills and qualifications. Companies in the beginning or growth phases can benefit from identifying training needs for existing staff. Its much less expensive than the cost to hire additional staff or more qualified candidates. In addition, its a strategy that also can reduce turnover and improve employee retention. Employee Satisfaction Human resources specialists usually are charged with the responsibility of determining the level of employee satisfaction often an ambiguous measurement at best. With carefully designed employee surveys, focus groups and an exit interview strategy, human resources determines what underlies employee dissatisfaction and addresses those issues to motivate employees. Cost Savings The cost to hire new or replacement workers, including training and ramp-up time, an be exorbitant for employers, especially small businesses. With a well-constructed recruitment and selection process, the human resources function can minimize expenses regarding advertising Job postings, training new employees and enrolling new employees in benefits plans. Performance Improvement Human resources develops performance management systems. Without a human resources staff person to construct a plan that measures performance, employees can wind in Jobs that arent suitable for their skills and expertise. Additionally, employees whose performance falls below the employers expectations can continue n the payroll, thereby creating wasted money on low-performing employees. Sustaining Business Through succession planning that human resources develops, the company identifies employees with the promise and requisite capabilities to eventually transition into leadership roles with the company. This is an important function as it can guarantee the organizations stability and future success. Corporate Image Businesses want to be known as the employer of choice. Employers of choice are the companies that receive recognition for the way they treat employees; they are the companies for whom people want to work. Becoming an employer of choice means human resources balances recruiting the most qualified applicants, selecting the most suitable candidates and retaining the most talented employees. Steadfast Principles Human resources ensures the workforce embraces the companys philosophy and business principles. From the perspective of a small business, creating a cohesive work environment is imperative. The first opportunity human resources has to accomplish this is through wise hiring decisions that identify desirable professional traits, as well as orientation and on-boarding programs. Sponsored Links

Renaissance Essays (730 words) - Medieval Philosophy, Renaissance

Renaissance The Renaissance was a period of European history, considered by modern scholars as that between 1300 and 1600. Many dramatic changes happend during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of new inventions and beliefs. The Renaissance was drastically different from the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the church held most of the power and it's economy was agriculturaly based. Exploration and learning was almost put to a stop. During the Renaissance society was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions with an urban commercial attitude. Also, people's curiosity overcame thier fear and many people started to venture out and explore. New schools and colleges became more and more common. The Renaissance was started by many rich Italian cities, such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan ,and Venice. Because these cities were very wealthy, many merchants started to spend money on different things, such as painting, learning, new banking techniques, and new systems of government. These things gave rise to a new type of scholar, the humanist. Humanism was subjects concerned with humankind and culture. They stutied various things such as Latin, Greek language, literature and philosophy. Music and mathmatics were also studied as well. The Renaissance gave way to new forms of painting , art and sculpture. During the Renaissance, artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been to the medieval past, but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, compared to poets and writers. Many artisans merged mathmatics with art , in order to become more precise in their measurements and to make sure an object was supported both rationally and porportionally. As a result painters tried and often suceeded into making their painting a window into the world. Artists also studied the way light hits objects and the way our eyes percieve light. A new kind of paint called oil paint was used. This allowed the artist to create texture , mix colors, and allow more time for corrections before it dried. The printing press was probaly the most important advance in technology. Europeans first used movable metal type to print a book. On small pieces of metal they engraved single letters of the alphabet. These could then be arranged and rearranged to form words and sentences. Johan Gutenberg is usually given credit for the first book printed, a copy of the Bible. By the 1500's printing presses where fairly well spread. The printing press had many effects on the world. First of all, it made books much easier to come by, wich made them cheaper. That ment common people could afford them. As a result literacy became more widespread, in contrast to the Middle Ages where usually monks and church officials were the only able to read. Second, since many more people were able to read, they wanted to read subjects other than religious or scientific work. So books on other subjects were published as well. Also many books were published in languages other than Latin, such as English, Portugeese, Spanish, French, and Italian. A third effect was that scholars had better access to one anothers work. They could also read the great works of the ancient and medieval periods. The Renaissance also had an effect on the general society. Many people became interested in politics. Also, people became interested in the world outside of thier towns. Many became explorers, merchants, and mapmakers. Religion especially changed during the Renaissance. In the Middle ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people something to look forward to, and a life worth living. So inturn, people based thier lives around various other things instead of the church. Because of the increase in literacy people learned that the Catholic Church only told the populus what they wanted them to hear. This caused many people to break away from the churh and form Protestant religions. The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of these. Although he was not regarded as a genious in his time. He had numerous works of art such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He also is now regarded as a great inventor. He is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter. He dissected corpses to learn more about human anatomy. Another great man was a German monk, Martin Luther. He taught Biblical studies at the University of Wittenberg. Luther's beliefs challenged the church although many people agreed with his ideas. He was eventually excommunicated from the chuch and he started Protestantism. In conclusion, the Renaissance was a time of new

The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia

The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia Ecclesia (Ekklesia) is the term used for the assembly in Greek city-states (poleis), including Athens. The ecclesia was a meeting place where the citizens could speak their minds and try to influence one another in the political process. Normally at Athens, the Ecclesia assembled at the pnyx (an open-air auditorium west of the Acropolis with a retaining wall, orators stand, and an altar), but it was one of the jobs of the boules prytaneis (leaders) to post the agenda and location of the next meeting of the Assembly. On the pandia (All Zeus festival) the Assembly met in the Theatre of Dionysus. Membership At 18, young Athenian males were enrolled in their demes citizen lists  and then served for two years in the military. Afterward, they could be in the Assembly, unless otherwise restricted. They might be disallowed while owing a debt to the public treasury or for having been removed from the demes roster of citizens. Someone convicted of prostituting himself or of beating/failing to support his family may have been denied membership in the Assembly. The Schedule In the 4th century, the boule scheduled 4 meetings during each prytany. Since a prytany was about 1/10 of a year, this means there were 40 Assembly meetings each year. One of the 4 meetings was a kyria ecclesia Sovereign Assembly. There were also 3 regular Assemblies. At one of these, private citizen-suppliants could present any concern. There may have been additional synkletoi ecclesiai Called-together Assemblies summoned at short notice, as for emergencies. Ecclesia Leadership By the mid-4th century, 9 members of the boule who were not serving as prytaneis (leaders) were chosen to run the Assembly as proedroi. They would decide when to cut off discussion and put matters to a vote. Freedom of Speech Freedom of speech was essential to the idea of the Assembly. Regardless of his status, a citizen could speak; however, those over 50 could speak first. The herald ascertained who wished to speak. Payment for Assembly Members In 411, when oligarchy was temporarily established in Athens, a law was passed prohibiting pay for political activity, but in the 4th century, members of the Assembly received pay in order to ensure the poor could participate. Pay changed over time, going from 1 obol/meeting- not enough to persuade people to go to the Assembly- to 3 obols, which could have been high enough to pack the Assembly. What the Assembly decreed was preserved and made public, recording the decree, its date, and the names of the officials who held the vote. Sources Christopher W. Blackwell, â€Å"The Assembly,† in C.W. Blackwell, ed., DÄ“mos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of March 26, 2003.

Benjamin Netanyahu - Joint Session of Congress Speech 2015

Binjamin Netanyahu Third Speech to a Joint Session of Congress delivered 3 March 2015, Washington, D.C. Speaker of the House, John Boehner, President Pro Tem, Senator Orrin Hatch, Senator Minority Majority Leader, Mitch McConnell, House Minority, Leader Nancy Pelosi, and House Majority Leader, Kevin McCarthy I also want to acknowledge Senator, Democratic Leader, Harry Reid Harry, it’s good to see you back on your feet. I guess it’s true what they say: You can’t keep a good man down. My friends, I’m deeply humbled by the opportunity to speak for a third time before the most important legislative body in the world, the U.S. Congress. I want to thank you all for being here today. I know that my speech has been the subject of much controversy. I deeply regret that some perceive my being here as political. That was never my intention. I want to thank you, Democrats and Republicans, for your common support for Israel, year after year, decade after decade. I know that no matter on which side of the aisle you sit, you stand with Israel. The remarkable alliance between Israel and the United States has always been above politics. It must always remain above politics. Because America and Israel, we share a common destiny, the destiny of promised lands that cherish freedom and offer hope. Israel is grateful for the support of American of America’s people and of America’s presidents, from Harry Truman to Barack Obama. We appreciate all that President Obama has done for Israel. Now, some of that is widely known. Some of that is widely known, like strengthening security cooperation and intelligence sharing, opposing anti-Israel resolutions at the U.N. Some of what the President has done for Israel is less well known. I called him in 2010 when we had the [Mount] Carmel forest fire, and he immediately agreed to respond to my request for urgent aid. In 2011, we had our embassy in Cairo under siege, and again, he provided vital assistance at the crucial moment; or his support for more missile interceptors during our operation last summer when we took on Hamas terrorists. In each of those moments, I called the President, and he was there. And some of what the President has done for Israel might never be known, because it touches on some of the most sensitive and strategic issues that arise between an American president and an Israeli prime minister. But I know it, and I will always be grateful to President Obama for that support. And Israel is grateful to you, the American Congress, for your support, for supporting us in so many ways, especially in generous military assistance and missile defense, including Iron Dome. Last summer, millions of Israelis were protected from thousands of Hamas rockets because this capital dome helped build our Iron Dome. Thank you, America. Thank you for everything you’ve done for Israel. My friends, I’ve come here today because, as Prime Minister of Israel, I feel a profound obligation to speak to you about an issue that could well threaten the survival of my country and the future of my people: Iran’s quest for nuclear weapons. We’re an ancient people. In our nearly 4000 years of history, many have tried repeatedly to destroy the Jewish people. Tomorrow night, on the Jewish holiday of Purim, we’ll read the Book of Esther. We’ll read of a powerful Persian viceroy named Haman, who plotted to destroy the Jewish people some 2500 years ago. But a courageous Jewish woman, Queen Esther, exposed the plot and gave for the Jewish people the right to defend themselves against their enemies. The plot was foiled. Our people were saved. Today the Jewish people face another attempt by yet another Persian potentate to destroy us. Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei spews the oldest hatred the oldest hatred of anti-Semitism with the newest technology. He tweets that Israel must be annihilated. He tweets. You know, in Iran, there isn’t exactly free Internet. But he tweets in English that Israel must be destroyed. For those who believe that Iran threatens the Jewish state, but not the Jewish people, listen to Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, Iran’s chief terrorist proxy. He said: If all the Jews gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of chasing them down around the world. But Iran’s regime is not merely a Jewish problem, any more than the Nazi regime was merely a Jewish problem. The six million Jews murdered by the Nazis were but a fraction of the 60 million people killed in World War II. So, too, Iran’s regime poses a grave threat, not only to Israel, but also to the peace of the entire world. To understand just how dangerous Iran would be with nuclear weapons, we must fully understand the nature of the regime. The people of Iran are very talented people. They’re heirs to one of the world’s great civilizations. But in 1979, they were hijacked by religious zealots religious zealots who imposed on them immediately a dark and brutal dictatorship. That year, the zealots drafted a constitution, a new one for Iran. It directed the revolutionary guards not only to protect Iran’s borders, but also to fulfill the ideological mission of jihad. The regime’s founder, Ayatollah Khomeini, exhorted his followers to export our revolution throughout the entire world.1 I’m standing here in Washington, D.C. and thedifference is so stark. America’s founding document promises life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Iran’s founding document pledges death, tyranny, and the pursuit of jihad. And as states are collapsing across the Middle East, Iran is charging into the void to do just that. Iran’s goons in Gaza, its lackeys in Lebanon, its revolutionary guards on the Golan Heights are clutching Israel with three tentacles of terror. Backed by Iran, Assad is slaughtering Syrians. Backed by Iran, Shiite militias are rampaging through Iraq. Backed by Iran, Houthis are seizing control of Yemen, threatening the strategic straits at the mouth of the Red Sea. Along with the Straits of Hormuz, that would give Iran a second choke choke-point on the world’s oil supply. Just last week, near Hormuz, Iran carried out a military exercise blowing up a mock U.S. aircraft carrier. That’s just last week while they’re having nuclear talks with the United States. But unfortunately, for the last 36 years, Iran’s attacks against the United States have have been anything but mock, and the targets have been all too real. Iran took dozens of Americans hostage in Tehran, murdered hundreds of American soldiers, Marines, in Beirut, and was responsible for killing and maiming thousands of American service men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan. Beyond the Middle East, Iran attacks America and its allies through its global terror network. It blew up the Jewish community center and the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires. It helped Al Qaida bomb U.S. embassies in Africa. It even attempted to assassinate the the Saudi ambassador, right here in Washington, D.C. In the Middle East, Iran now dominates four Arab capitals: Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut and Sanaa. And if Iran’s aggression is left unchecked, more will surely follow. So at a time when many hope that Iran will join the community of nations, Iran is busy gobbling up the nations. We must all stand together to stop Iran’s march of conquest, subjugation, and terror. Now, two years ago we were told to give President Rouhani and Foreign Minister Zarif a chance to bring change and moderation to Iran. Some change. Some moderation. Rouhani’s government hangs gays, persecutes Christians, jails journalists, and executes even more prisoners than before. Last year, the same Zarif who charms Western diplomats laid a wreath at the grave of Imad Mughniyeh. Imad Mughniyeh is the terrorist mastermind who spilled more American blood than any other terrorist besides Osama bin Laden. I’d like to see someone ask him a question about that. Iran’s regime is as radical as ever, its cries of â€Å"Death to America,† that same America that it calls the â€Å"Great Satan,† as loud as ever. Now, this shouldn’t be surprising, because the ideology of Iran’s revolutionary regime is deeply rooted in militant Islam, and that’s why this regime will always be an enemy of America. And don’t be fooled: The battle between Iran and ISIS doesn’t turn Iran into a friend of America. Iran and ISIS are competing for the crown of militant Islam. One calls itself the Islamic Republic. The other calls itself the Islamic State. Both want to impose a militant Islamic empire first on the region and then on the entire world. They just disagree among themselves who will be the ruler of that empire. In this deadly game of thrones, there’s no place for America or for Israel, no peace for Christians, Jews or Muslims who don’t share the Islamist medieval creed, no rights for women, no freedom for anyone. So when it comes to Iran and ISIS: The enemy of your enemy is your enemy. The difference is that ISIS is armed with butcher knives, captured weapons, and YouTube, whereas Iran could soon be armed with intercontinental ballistic missiles and nuclear bombs. We must always remember I’ll say it one more time the greatest danger facing our world is the marriage of militant Islam with nuclear weapons. To defeat ISIS and let Iran get nuclear weapons would be to win the battle, but lose the war. We can’t let that happen. But that, my friends, is exactly what could happen, if the deal now being negotiated is accepted by Iran. That deal will not prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. It would all but guarantee that Iran gets those weapons, lots of them. Let me explain why: While the final deal has not yet been signed, certain elements of any potential deal are now a matter of public record. You don’t need intelligence agencies and secret information to know this. You can Google it. Absent a dramatic change, we know for sure that any deal with with Iran will include two major concessions to Iran. The first major concession would leave Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure, providing it with a short break-out time to the bomb. Break-out time is the time it takes to amass enough weapons-grade uranium or plutonium for a nuclear bomb. According to the deal, not a single nuclear facility would be demolished. Thousands of centrifuges used to enrich uranium would be left spinning. Thousands more would be temporarily disconnected, but not destroyed. Because Iran’s nuclear program would be left largely intact, Iran’s break-out time would be very short about a year by U.S. assessment, even shorter by Israel’s. And if if Iran’s work on advanced centrifuges, faster and faster centrifuges, is not stopped, that break-out time could still be shorter, a lot shorter. True, certain restrictions would be imposed on Iran’s nuclear program and Iran’s adherence to those restrictions would be supervised by international inspectors. But here’s the problem. You see, inspectors document violations; they don’t stop them. Inspectors knew when North Korea broke to the bomb, but that didn’t stop anything. North Korea turned off the cameras, kicked out the inspectors. Within a few years, it got the bomb. Now, we’re warned that within five years North Korea could have an arsenal of 100 nuclear bombs. Like North Korea, Iran, too, has defied international inspectors. It’s done that on at least three separate occasions 2005, 2006, 2010. Like North Korea, Iran broke the locks, shut off the cameras. Now, I know this is not going to come a shock as a shock to any of you, but Iran not only defies inspectors, it also plays a pretty good game of hide-and-cheat with them. The U.N.’s nuclear watchdog agency, the IAEA, said again yesterday that Iran still refuses to come clean about its military nuclear program.2 Iran was also caught caught twice, not once, twice operating secret nuclear facilities in Natanz and Qom, facilities that inspectors didn’t even know existed. Right now, Iran could be hiding nuclear facilities that we don’t know about, the U.S. and Israel. As the former head of inspections for the IAEA said in 2013, he said, â€Å"If there’s no undeclared installation today in Iran, it will be the first time in 20 years that [Iran] doesn’t have one.†3 Iran has proven time and again that it cannot be trusted. And that’s why the first major concession is a source of grave concern. It leaves Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure and relies on inspectors to prevent a breakout. That concession creates a real danger that Iran could get to the bomb by violating the deal. But the second major concession creates an even greater danger that Iran could get to the bomb by keeping the deal, because virtually all the restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program will automatically expire in about a decade. Now, a decade may seem like a long time in political life, but it’s the blink of an eye in the life of a nation. It’s a blink of an eye in the life of our children. We all have a responsibility to consider what will happen when Iran’s nuclear capabilities are virtually unrestricted and all the sanctions will have been lifted. Iran would then be free to to build a huge nuclear capacity that could produce many, many nuclear bombs. Iran’s Supreme Leader says that openly. He says, Iran plans to have 190,000 centrifuges, not 6,000 or even the 19,000 that Iran has today, but 10 times that amount 190,000 centrifuges enriching uranium.4 With this massive capacity, Iran could make the fuel for an entire nuclear arsenal and this in a matter of weeks, once it makes that decision. My long-time friend, John Kerry, Secretary of State, confirmed last week that Iran could legitimately possess that massive centrifuge capacity when the deal expires. Now I want you to think about that: The former sponsor The foremost sponsor of global terrorism could be weeks away from having enough enriched uranium for an entire arsenal of nuclear weapons and this with full international legitimacy. And by the way, if Iran’s Intercontinental Ballistic Missile program is not part of the deal and so far, Iran refuses to even put it on the negotiating table well, Iran could have the means to deliver that nuclear arsenal to the far-reach corners of the Earth, including to every part of the United States. So you see, my friends, this deal has two major concessions: one, leaving Iran with a vast nuclear program; and two, lifting the restrictions on that program in about a decade. That’s why this deal is so bad. It doesn’t block Iran’s path to the bomb; it paves Iran’s path to the bomb. So why would anyone make this deal? Because they hope that Iran will change for the better in the coming years, or they believe that the alternative to this deal is worse? Well, I disagree. I don’t believe that Iran’s radical regime will change for the better after this deal. This regime has been in power for 36 years, and its voracious appetite for aggression grows with each passing year. This deal would wet appetite would only wet Iran’s appetite for more. Would Iran be less aggressive when sanctions are removed and its economy is stronger? If Iran is gobbling up four countries right now while it’s under sanctions, how many more countries will Iran devour when sanctions are lifted? Would Iran fund less terrorism when it has mountains of cash with which to fund more terrorism? Why should Iran’s radical regime change for the better when it can enjoy the best of both world’s: aggression abroad, prosperity at home. This is a question that everyone asks in our region. Israel’s neighbors Iran’s neighbors know that Iran will become even more aggressive and sponsor even more terrorism when its economy is unshackled and it’s been given a clear path to the bomb. And many of these neighbors say they’ll respond by racing to get nuclear weapons of their own. So this deal won’t change Iran for the better; it will only change the Middle East for the worse. A deal that’s supposed to prevent nuclear proliferation would instead spark a nuclear arms race in the most dangerous part of the planet. This deal won’t be a farewell to arms. It would be a farewell to arms control. And the Middle East would soon be crisscrossed by nuclear tripwires. A region where small skirmishes can trigger big wars would turn into a nuclear tinderbox. If anyone thinks anyone thinks this deal kicks the can down the road, think again. When we get down that road, we’ll face a much more dangerous Iran, a Middle East littered with nuclear bombs and a countdown to a potential nuclear nightmare. Ladies and gentlemen, I’ve come here today to tell you we don’t have to bet the security of the world on the hope that Iran will change for the better. We don’t have to gamble with our future and with our children’s future. We can insist that restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program not be lifted for as long as Iran continues its aggression in the region and in the world. Before lifting those restrictions, the world should demand that Iran do three things: First, stop its aggression against its neighbors in the Middle East. Second Second, stop supporting terrorism around the world. And third, stop threatening to annihilate my country, Israel, the one and only Jewish state. Thank you. If the world powers are not prepared to insist that Iran change its behavior before a deal is signed, at the very least they should insist that Iran change its behavior before a deal expires. If Iran changes its behavior, the restrictions would be lifted. If Iran doesn’t change its behavior, the restrictions should not be lifted. If Iran wants to be treated like a normal country, let it act like a normal country. My friends, what about the argument that there’s no alternative to this deal, that Iran’s nuclear know-how cannot be erased, that its nuclear program is so advanced that the best we can do is delay the inevitable, which is essentially what the proposed deal seeks to do? Well, nuclear know-how without nuclear infrastructure doesn’t get you very much. A racecar driver without a car can’t drive. A pilot without a plan can’t fly. Without thousands of centrifuges, tons of enriched uranium or heavy water facilities, Iran can’t make nuclear weapons. Iran’s nuclear program can be rolled back well-beyond the current proposal by insisting on a better deal and keeping up the pressure on a very vulnerable regime, especially given the recent collapse in the price of oil. Now, if Iran threatens to walk away from the table and this often happens in a Persian bazaar call their bluff. They’ll be back, because they need the deal a lot more than you do. And by maintaining the pressure on Iran and on those who do business with Iran, you have the power to make them need it even more. My friends, for over a year, we’ve been told that no deal is better than a bad deal. Well, this is a bad deal. It’s a very bad deal. We’re better off without it. Now we’re being told that the only alternative to this bad deal is war. That’s just not true. The alternative to this bad deal is a much better deal a better deal that doesn’t leave Iran with a vast nuclear infrastructure and such a short break-out time; a better deal that keeps the restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program in place until Iran’s aggression ends; a better deal that won’t give Iran an easy path to the bomb; a better deal that Israel and its neighbors may not like, but with which we could live, literally. And no country no country has a greater stake no country has a greater stake than Israel in a good deal that peacefully removes this threat. Ladies and gentlemen, history has placed us at a fateful crossroads. We must now choose between two paths. One path leads to a bad deal that will at best curtail Iran’s nuclear ambitions for a while, but it will inexorably lead to a nuclear-armed Iran whose unbridled aggression will inevitably lead to war. The second path, however difficult, could lead to a much better deal, that would prevent a nuclear-armed Iran, a nuclearized Middle East, and the horrific consequences of both to all of humanity. You don’t have to read Robert Frost to know. You have to live life to know that the difficult path is usually the one less traveled, but it will make all the difference for the future of my country, the security of the Middle East and the peace of the world, the peace, we all desire. My friends, standing up to Iran is not easy. Standing up to dark and murderous regimes never is. With us today is Holocaust survivor and Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel. Elie, your life and work inspires to give meaning to the words, â€Å"never again.† And I wish I could promise you, Elie, that the lessons of history have been learned. I can only urge the leaders of the world not to repeat the mistakes of the past: not to sacrifice the future for the present; not to ignore aggression in the hopes of gaining an illusory peace. But I can guarantee you this: The days when the Jewish people remained passive in the face of genocidal enemies, those days are over. We are no longer scattered among the nations, powerless to defend ourselves. Weve restored our sovereignty in our ancient home. And the soldier who soldiers who defend our home have boundless courage. For the first time in 100 generations, we, the Jewish people, can defend ourselves. This is why This is why, as Prime Minister of Israel, I can promise you one more thing: Even if Israel has to stand alone, Israel will stand. But I know that Israel does not stand alone. I know that America stands with Israel. I know that you stand with Israel. You stand with Israel because you know that the story of Israel is not only the story of the Jewish people but of the human spirit that refuses again and again to succumb to history’s horrors. Facing me right up there in the gallery, overlooking all of us in this august chamber is the image of Moses. Moses led our people from slavery to the gates of the Promised Land. And before the people of Israel entered the land of Israel, Moses gave us a message that has steeled our resolve for thousands of years. I leave you with his message today: Chizku ve’imtzu, al tiru ve’al te’artzu m’pneihem. â€Å"Be strong and resolute, neither fear nor dread them.†5 My friends, may Israel and America always stand together, strong and resolute. May we neither fear nor dread the challenges ahead. May we face the future with confidence, strength, and hope. May God bless the State of Israel and may God bless the United States of America. 1 Ruhollah Khomeini cited in Hoffman, B. (1988). The contrasting ethical foundations of terrorism in the 1980s. The Rand Corporation. 2 Statement by IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano on 2 March 2015 confirmed: The Agency continues to verify the non-diversion of nuclear material declared by Iran under its Safeguards Agreement. However, the Agency is not in a position to provide credible assurance about the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in Iran, and therefore to conclude that all nuclear material in Iran is in peaceful activities. (Source: iaea.org) 3 Former IAEA Deputy Director for Safeguards Olli Heinonen, as quoted in the Wall Street Journal, 1 March 2013 4 Statement by Ruhollah Khomeini on 7 July 2014: Our officials say we need 190,000 SWU. Perhaps this is not a need this year or in two years or five years, but this is the countrys absolute need. (Source: uk.reuters.com) 5 Quoted from the first part of Deuteronomy 31:6. The entire passage, a parting exhortation from Moses to the Israelites just prior to their entry into the Promised Land, reads as follows: â€Å"Be strong and resolute, neither fear nor dread them, because G-d your Lord is the One who is going with you, and He will not fail you or forsake you.

Knowledge Management for Competitive Advantage Essay

Knowledge Management for Competitive Advantage - Essay Example In this regard, I will place myself as a report writing expert who will submit a report to the CEO of the firm as regards the analysis of their existing policies and how these should be structured and revamped to form an effective knowledge management system and culture within the organization. This is a fictitious company that has been built for structuring a competent knowledge management system. To start with, it has been assumed that this company has a poor knowledge management system. This information has been gathered from brief interviews with the CEO and other officials within the company. Based in the UK since 1998, this firm operates in the following two areas. -Business Transformation: this includes a class of services aimed at carrying out relevant research and applying the interpretation of the data emanating from the same in order to transform the company and render exponential growth to its operational effectiveness. -Systems and technology consultancy: this includes w orking with private as well as public companies and corporations to source and provide information regarding financial services, energy, government and public services, manufacturing and telecommunications, among many others, so as to promote the scope for strategic partnerships between the public and private corporations. IMC has grown from strength to strength in order to show sustainability. It now operates in countries like US, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Europe with an employee scale of over 1800 people.... ource and provide information regarding financial services, energy, government and public services, manufacturing and telecommunications, among many others, so as to promote the scope for strategic partnerships between the public and private corporations. Chapter 1.2: Knowledge Base - Operational Context IMC has grown from strength to strength in order to show sustainability. It now operates in countries like US, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Europe with an employee scale of over 1800 people. As far as the scope of knowledge management goes, this information has various dimensions in terms of factors that influence the scope and process of knowledge management. These factors are as follows: Source: Skyrme (1999)3 This diagram helps us focus on the contextual elements of knowledge management that may be applied to the case of IMC. These elements further help in codifying information through a focus on knowledge centres which helps in garnering intelligence throughout the organisation. Chapter 2: Role of Technology: Codifying Information According to the elements demonstrated in the above diagram, the operational context for knowledge management is one that follows a strategic approach. The guidelines for following the same within this particular organisation are as follows: (Payne, 1996) Converting localised efforts into more integrated efforts on the global front: for this, the company requires to coordinate the flow and transmission of information in a more fluid way so as to transform the local efforts into global one. Departmentalisation of efforts: there must be a series of departments that coordinate the knowledge management process and transmit the relevant knowledge to relevant parties. Categorisation of parties: this refers to the process of

Business Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Taxation - Essay Example However, before understanding this type of relief, it is needed to understand what exactly double taxation is. Double taxation is defined as a situation in which a company may need to pay two or more taxes for the same asset, financial transaction or its income. Generally the situation of double taxation arises due to the overlapping of tax laws and jurisdiction between different countries when there is a company or individual residing in one country while doing business in another country. The double taxation relief helps in allowing a company or the individual to get the tax reduction from any one of its linked country, may be it is the residing country or the profit gaining country. A group loss relief helps in allowing one company to surrender its current trading losses, excess management charges, and excess income charges to another company in the group. Here, the profits of the recipient company are set against the tax loss so that the surrendering company can get a payment on the basis of the tax saved. Again, it is common practice that a company or an individual residing in one country might want to make a taxable gain in terms or earnings and profits in another country. However, there is possibility that he need to pay tax on that gain locally as an obligation to the domestic, while at the same time, me may again need to pay tax in the country where he has made the gain. To provide companies and individuals relief from such types of bindings, many countries involved in bilateral double taxation agreements among themselves. These agreements are mainly of two types. In the first type, tax is needed to be paid by the individual or the company in its resident country only while exempting tax in the country where the gain arises. In the second case, the country in which the business gains receives the tax from the company, while the company in turn, receives a compensating tax credit in the residing country

Global HIV Prevention Essay Example for Free

Global HIV Prevention Essay HIV has moved from being an ordinary disease to a pandemic that is affecting people world wide. Strategies have been developed and are still being formulated on the way forward to combat this menace and preventing further spread of the disease. Unfortunately Africa is the hardest hit producing the first twenty countries with the highest prevalence rates. More than 60% of the adult population is living positively with the virus. In the US the story is different with decline of prevalence rate going down drastically but the incidence rate is ever increasing. There are the traditional ways that so far have been used to combat HIV/AIDS which include: Abstaining from sexual acts until at least one is married, being faithful to one partner without switching partners now and then and if the two methods do not work, one can result to using prevention (condom) especially among the youth. The main goal of this paper (study) is to bring down the prevalence rate of HIV nationwide and worldwide by seeking to address some myths and beliefs that are associated with HIV stigmatization. Disparities in race are some of the main areas of address. The other goals that are in some ways encompassed in this main objective are to minimize the number of people at high risks of transmitting or being effected by the virus. The other aim of this report is to address the issue of getting people to know their HIV status especially those that do not know and are living positively with the virus. The third goal of this report is formation of a network of people living with HIV/AIDS which will be like a social group for getting moral and financial support. These networks will act as the connection between organizations that want to monitor HIV progress and people living positively (CDC, 2007). For achievement of these goals, a lot of inter agency cooperation and non governmental organizations (non profit organization) input would be required not withstanding some strategies that have to drafted and enforced for total success. Success of these strategies will depend on the area where they are being applied. For instance address of poverty is a strategy that can be applied in Africa but not in the developed countries like Europe and US. This will be trying to empower people economically so that they will not have to exploit their sexuality for upkeep which spreads the HIV disease even more. A second strategy that would be effective is monitoring the morbidity and mortality arising from HIV so that utilization of funds for HIV program may be planned and allocated accordingly. This goes a long way in preventing the embezzlement of funds intended for this program. Another strategy that can work well is putting in place preventive programs and counseling centers. This is best undertaken through campaigns and organizing for workshops that are aimed at educating the masses on the HIV pandemic. The best tool here to employ is the media both electronic (internet TV and radio) and printed. This is the best overall idea and would work best for Africa which has the highest prevalence rates and also the poorest continent (CDC 2007). Program assessment and policy formulation is a further tactic that can be effective in the fight against HIV/AIDS. This will entail a lot of research and data collection that will employ a lot of disciplines to be effective. The data to be collected will be from the affected people therefore the statistics collected will be based on real numbers and not estimates. This will necessitate the usage of questionnaires and testing of the population to come up with data. This strategy will closely work with another that aims at building a database that will be for coordinating the function of all the organizations that are involved in various aspects of monitoring HIV globally. This database will be in form of a link that will be a collection of the various programs that have been developed since the pandemic started. Many of the organization here will be divided into various groups like those that offer counseling services and education to the public, those that offer financial help to people affected in order to secure retro viral drugs or for general upkeep (CDC, 2007). On top of all these strategies, a lot of finance is required to support the various activities that are needed to keep the machines of preventive strategies working. The money can be allocated to different activities related to HIV researches like invention of the elusive vaccine. Counseling activities also require much financing and preventive counseling is preferred since when the public has been educated about the dangers and ways through which one gets HIV, it will prevent many unprecedented cases that happen by chance and ignorance. As we seek ways to deal with HIV, other related sexually transmitted diseases should not be forgotten because they occur concurrently and they can be used as indicators of places with high incidence of HIV especially when the actual statistics are unavailable (CDC 2007). In order for successful HIV prevention and drastic reduction of its prevalence rate, many non governmental organizations from countries across the globe and governmental cooperation is required. This will foster strengthening and innovation of the existing strategies and if need be new tactics be formulated. The strategies lined above will be implemented in different parts of the globe which therefore calls for many enforcing agents in those countries which will be guided by the social norms there. The pandemic is affecting everyone directly or indirectly therefore the effects in Africa will eventually be felt in Europe and America. Reference CDC. (2007) Interpretation and Discussion of Findings. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http://www. cdc. gov/hiv/topics/testing/resource/reports/hivprevalence/interpretation. htm .

Constantinoples Fall Essay -- Ancient History

Diocletian’s reforms established the rule of four, called the Tetrarchy, where in four emperors controlled the newly redistricted Roman Empire. Unbeknownst to Diocletian this particular reform would be a recipe for civil war. In the year 306, one year after Diocletian abdicated, Constantine I elevated to imperial rule over the western Empire after the passing of his father and then Augustus; Constantius. During Constantine’s reign he quickly gained popularity and consolidated his power while the rest of the emperors competed and quarreled amongst each other. Eventually the empire was overtaken strategically by two emperors Licinius and Constantine. This peace did not last long however, and in the year of 324 Licinius surrendered to Constantine after the battle of Chrysopolis. Eighteen years after his rise to Augustus Constantine had sole power of the Empire and earned the respect and admiration of his soldiers and people. By the time Constantine came to rule the Empire in its entirety, was in shambles. The Capital city of Rome was a shadow of its former self, â€Å"Constantine abandoned the attempt to hold the world empire together. There was no longer an eternal Rome served by subject peoples. There could be only salvage† (Lamb 18). Constantine looked east toward Byzantium. The Byzantines were an isolated bunch that never really had a role in The Roman Empires growth, yet there was no overlooking Constantine’s certainty. Haste fully, structures were erected and a fortified wall was constructed around the city and in the year 330, during the 276 Olympiad, it was dedicated as â€Å"The almost forgotten name of Anthusa† (Lamb 20). The locals knew it as Constantine’s City or Constantinopolis. Constantine now had a home for his emp... ... With advances in technology today one can only wonder what kind of â€Å"Basilica cannon† our generation will see in use, although the nuclear bomb is incontrovertibly at the forefront of this analogy. Constantinople, a city that was comparable to no other, and unfortunately a poster child to the ravages of technological advancement in warfare. Works Cited Harris, Jonathan. Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium. New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007. 40,52,108,112. Print. Lamb, Harold. Constantinople: The Birth of an Empire. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, 1957. 18,20. Print. Panorthodox, Neobyzantine. About the Great Church. Neobyzantine Movement, 2005. Web. . Runciman, Steven. The Fall of Constantinople. New York: The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, 1965. 128,133. Print.

Culture of the University of Phoenix Essay

University of Phoenix is a centre of excellence, which has served thousands of students from all over the world since it inception. The university’s culture is its personality, and it holds the university’s community by encouraging adherence to the university’s values, norms and assumptions all of which makes the university to behave in a way likely to promote the university’s cause. The culture of University of Phoenix is demonstrated in the things, which the University of Phoenix takes pride in such as its multinational students as well as warm relations with the local community. Like many learning institutions the culture of University of Phoenix can be referred to as an â€Å"Academy culture†. This is mainly the case considering the fact that in the University of Phoenix, there is little movement of staff and the staff turnover is quite low. It is likely that, most of the staff members at the university have served in the university for close to a decade or longer. There is also a blend of â€Å"club culture† in the organization given the fact that employees in the organization are recruited as junior employees but end up rising through the ranks to top management. Usually those who begin at the bottom of the organization but enroll in part time courses end up gaining skills and at the same time experience. This puts them at a very good position to enhance as the university supports career growth and development of its employees. The leaders in the university do not exercise unregulated authority characteristic in organizations such as military organizations which operate under a bureaucratic leadership style. The culture at University of Phoenix is that of unity and collaboration amongst the university community members. The University of Phoenix pursues a culture of integrity, honesty, excellence, racial tolerance, devotion to studies, creativeness as well as positive attitude towards success. The culture also calls for high belief in achievement and being goal oriented. The University of Phoenix promotes a culture of high values in everything the community members undertake. As a result of the cultural beliefs, the organization upholds, the University of Phoenix encourages total commitment to zero tolerance against racial discrimination, discrimination on basis of colour or nationality as well as zero tolerance towards gender discrimination. As a result of adherence to high values, the University of Phoenix continues to attract some of the best scholars in the world. People feel free to participate in the University’s growth in terms of continually being a centre for excellence. Therefore the University of Phoenix can be said to have a strong culture because every function of the university in terms of academic excellence and research activities is aligned to organizational values. This is what defines the strength of a culture and how well it is aligned to the organizational values. At the University of Phoenix there is a high sense of belonging amongst the students who always want to be associated with the organization, are proud to be associated with the university and wherever they go they carry themselves in a way in which they make good ambassadors of the university. Conclusion In a summary the culture of University of Phoenix mix can be said to be ideal in that it promotes participation of all members of the University in the promotion of the University’s values. The university’s culture allows for an easy introduction of change and therefore whenever there are any changes to be done it is never hard for the administration to institute nor the students to implement. There are rarely challenges so very hard for the university community to overcome as the culture allows for functioning as teams. Finally the culture allows for easy conflict resolution whenever conflicts arise. Reference http://www. insidehighered. com/workplace/2005/03/28/phoenix. Accessed on 6/04/2001. www. intuitive. com/blog/university_of_phoenix_apollo_group_releases_free_speech_policy. html Accessed on 6/04/2001.

Major Influences in My Life Essay

It is often reiterated that â€Å"success is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration. † I also strongly believe in it as I recall the successful events in my life, whose gradual path towards achievement was shaped by initiation developed by motivation; however, the successful implementation was attained through my sheer hard work and perseverance. I have always considered my work as my hobby, and I try my best to finish the work within the stipulated time. I don’t expect miracles to happen, but I have experienced that miracles happen when work is done with sincerity and diligence. Besides, there have been men and women from all walks of life, who provided the emotional support to me in my distress. Among the most trustworthy persons whom I always relied upon was my mother. I can evidently remember the difficult times during my education at school when my mother instilled the much need confidence in me, and encouraged me to never give up. It is true that education begins at home, and I was fortunate to have scholarly parents, who always tried to provide the necessary paraphernalia to me, including their assistance in understanding the difficult subjects. Read more:  Person I admire  essay I learnt good morals from my religious mother, who inculcated virtues like honesty, loyalty, care for the elderly, and affection towards the children. My firm faith in God is also due to the holy teachings of scriptures conveyed to me by my pious mother. She always taught me to love all humanity, and to follow the path of non-violence. I see myself as a mature, independent and judicious person, for which I would give the credit to my loving mother. During my school education, my teachers treated me like their friend, and emphasized the importance of punctuality and regularity in both professional as well as personal life. I owe my gratitude to my mathematics teacher, who once, said to me, â€Å"It is important to have a goal, but it is more important to work towards reaching that goal. † My teachers also highlighted the importance of patience and tolerance that are needed in implementing any plan. Slowly and steadily, I kept on developing these personality traits in me, and I confess that I am grateful to my teachers for imparting such motivational and positive education to me. I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of my supervisor at the McDonald’s restaurant, who helped me to identify my strengths and weaknesses. Whenever I committed a mistake, my supervisor would politely tell me about my wrong deeds, and moreover, suggest an optimum solution. It was under his supervision that I learnt good workplace skills like time management, organizational management, decision making and problem solving. Although my supervisor was kind, good listener, encouraging and forgiving, I noticed that he was never angry, and kept his cool in most difficult times. I admire him for his positive qualities, and I must admit that I have learnt some of these good traits from him; as a result, I have been able to balance my personal and professional life due to proper management of time and stress. I have realized that learning is a continuous process that continues the whole life, but to apply the virtues in practical life, there are role models who provide the necessary encouragement. I owe my gratitude to my parents, especially my mother, my teachers at school, and to my supervisor, who enabled me to imbibe the morals, and practice them in daily life. As a result of their positive influence, I have become a responsible citizen of the society. I have firm faith in myself, and also, I confide in my friends and relatives. My teaching lessons from home and school have equipped me with problem solving and decision making skills. Besides, my mentors have helped me to acquire good interpersonal skills, which have made me adorable among friends and colleagues. Now, I continue to learn from my distinguished professors in the university as I pursue a rigorous undergraduate degree program.

The Subjunctive Mood

The Subjunctive Mood The Subjunctive Mood The Subjunctive Mood By Jacquelyn Landis No single part of speech gives writers more grief than the mighty verb. Think about all the elements you must take into consideration when forming verbs. They have tense, number, person, voice, and mood. Where things get especially dicey is with a verbs mood, in particular, the subjunctive mood. Take a look at this sentence: I wish I was/were vacationing on a tropical island instead of at my desk working. The correct verb choice is the second one: were. It expresses the subjunctive mood, something we use to convey a wish or a condition that isnt true. And since the speaker isnt actually vacationing on a tropical island, this is a perfect case for using the subjunctive mood. Most writers will intuitively plunk in some form of a past-tense version of the verb to be in a sentence like our example. The important thing to remember about the subjunctive mood is to choose the correct version. When using the subjunctive mood, the correct version is were. One good test is to mentally add but Im not to the sentence. If that makes it a true statement, then its a likely candidate for the subjunctive mood: I wish I were vacationing on a tropical island instead of at my desk working (but Im not). If he were ten feet tall (but hes not), he could wash the windows without using a ladder. You might hear that the subjunctive mood is fading from common use, and thats probably true (Maeve wrote about that on The irrealis â€Å"were†). However, its still a hallmark of correct usage, and savvy writers will try hard to get it right. Tevye, from Fiddler on the Roof, got it right in the song If I Were a Rich Man. So did Bobby Darin in If I Were a Carpenter. It might be one of the worst songs of all time, but the grammar is spot-on. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Hyper and Hypo"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?

Argument and Counterarguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument and Counterarguement - Essay Example In addition, Anderson highlights the fact that the state recognizes the union of males and females but not same sex marriages. In his conclusion, he emphasizes that marriages as recognized by the state, should be that of a man and woman, a relationship â€Å"ideal for procreative love, childbearing and childrearing† (Anderson). Anderson deduced that a marriage should be between a male and female from the fact that only a sexual relationship between a man and woman can make reproduction possible. He claims that marriage is intentionally for the reproduction of the human species. Since same-sex-relationships by nature cannot make reproduction possible, heterosexual marriages are believed to be what satisfies this objective of marriage. As Anderson says, â€Å"Marriage is based on the biological fact that reproduction depends on a man and a woman† therefore, marriage should be between opposite sexes. This argument is valid because it is based from observable facts. Anderson considers the emotional aspect of relationships and he does not disregard its importance in the union of two people. The emotional aspect is a vital consideration in every relationship however it is only a heterosexual relationship that can satisfy the emotional needs of each partner as well as the objective of marriage which is hav ing children. Although Anderson has a good point, such argument may not seem sound to other readers because not all people getting in a relationship would really want to have children. Moreover, not all heterosexual relationships can really successfully produce children just like the case of infertile men or of barren women. Using inductive reasoning, Anderson comments that based from religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam, marriage has always been recognized to be the union of males and females. Trying not to limit his position on the issue in accordance to religious views, the author also presents the philosophies of the great ancient Greek and

Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project (KSUDP) Research Paper

Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project (KSUDP) - Research Paper Example The study indicates a sequence of mechanisms to mend municipal substructure services with the incorporation of underprivileged settlements in the town expansion procedure. Precisely, the Project will deliver simple substructure services to upsurge financial openings and to decrease susceptibility to ecological ruin and civic inadequacy and improve city governance and upsurge volume of the civic corporations to assume town design activities. The Project will as well emphasis on refining the settings of the poor by taking responsibility of municipal substructure progress and poverty mitigation actions at every civic corporation. Introduction After Independence, India pursued a unique combination of ‘mixed economic’ policy. As of the initial 1980s, there was an ongoing policy change in the direction of opening up the economy and marketplace restructuring. As against to the preceding 40 years, strategy as of 1990 is considered through reform of markets, globalization, deregu lation and governing back of the public sector. However, the procedure of transformation is steady and the responsibility of the government remains central in nearly all areas of the economy. Zonal yield and impact to GDP demonstrate an accustomed form of emergent nations. Growth in farming sector is irregular, industrial progress is optimistic but rational and the services sector has delivered the dynamic push behind the fiscal progression attained in the previous decade. The municipal regions are the net providers to GDP. Appraisals of the involvement of municipal regions to GDP are about 50% to 60% (NIUA, 2001), at higher level of suburbanization of 28% of the populace. The assessed per capita efficiency ratio amid the city and countryside populaces in India is 7:2. (Suresh, 1998) Fiscal progresses in India are consequently reliant on the city regions and their capability to draw investment, upsurge production and sustain to deliver the effort for service segment performance. Con secutively, this capability will rest on the capacity of towns to provide substructure services and offer a suitable urban environs and excellence of life. It is likely that production growth in the services segment has been a main underwriting feature, alongside essential vicissitudes in the fiscal system. GDP per capita has improved comparing to the previous years. In 2003 the assessed GDP per capita was only Rs.25, 700, an equivalent of US$560 (ADB, 2004). This study looks in to the infrastructure development of southern state of Kerala’s five major cities, Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Trissur, and Kozhikode through the project Kerala sustainable urban development plan (KSUDP, 2005). Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project -Thiruvananthapuram The mission is to inspire sustainable financial development and poverty elimination in urban Kerala through the setting up of urban substructure services and the elevation of respectable municipal governance to city local o rganizations in Kerala. The study involves a series of mechanisms to expand city wide municipal substructure services with the addition of poor reimbursements inside the whole municipal growth procedure. Explicitly, the Project will deliver rudimentary substructure services to upsurge financial openings and to lessen susceptibility to ecological ruin and urban scarcity, and advance municipal authority and upsurge ability of the municipal organizations to assume municipal scheduling events. The Project will as well emphasis on